Glossary

1. Ivan Asen II

Ivan Asen II, in English sometimes known as John Asen II or Ioan Assen II, ruled as Emperor (Tsar) of Bulgaria from 1218 to 1241, during the Second Bulgarian Empire.

2. Kaloian

The Bulgarian army led by Tzar Kaloian ruined the IV Crusade. In the Adrianopol battle on the 14th of April 1205 the Bulgarian army totally defeated the "undefeatable" crusaders and captured their leader Emperor Baldwin I

3. Klokotnitsa

The village is famous for the great battle on 9 March 1230, between the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II and the Byzantine Greek despot Theodor Komnin of Epirus. After the battle, Bulgaria became the biggest medieval country on the Balkan peninsula, stretching between the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea.

4. Revival

The Bulgarian Revival was a period of socio-economic development and national integration among Bulgarian people under Ottoman rule. It is commonly accepted to have started with the historical book "Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya" written by Paisius in 1762 and lasted until the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878 as a result of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.

5. Second Bulgarian Empire

The Second Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state which existed between 1185 and 1396. A successor of the First Bulgarian Empire, it reached the peak of its power under Kaloyan and Ivan Asen II before gradually declining to be conquered by the Ottomans in the late 14th - early 15th century. Up to 1256 the Second Bulgarian Empire was the dominant power in the Balkans.

6. Yantra

Yantra is a river in northern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Danube. It is 285 km long (the third longest Bulgarian tributary of the Danube) and has a watershed of 7,862 km².